Electronics Textbooks
Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering I
by Don Johnson | 7 Chapters
This textbook takes a look at the various aspects of electrical engineering through the lens of how things work together as a system. Topics include: signals and systems, analog signal processing, frequency domain topics, digital signal processing, and information communication.
Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering I
by Don Johnson | 7 Chapters
This textbook takes a look at the various aspects of electrical engineering through the lens of how things work together as a system. Topics include: signals and systems, analog signal processing, frequency domain topics, digital signal processing, and information communication.
- Chapter Introduction3.0
- Voltage, Current, and Generic Circuit Elements3.1
- Ideal Circuit Elements3.2
- Ideal and Real-World Circuit Elements3.3
- Electric Circuits and Interconnection Laws3.4
- Power Dissipation in Resistor Circuits3.5
- Series and Parallel Circuits3.6
- Equivalent Circuits: Resistors and Sources3.7
- Circuits with Capacitors and Inductors3.8
- The Impedance Concept3.9
- Time and Frequency Domains3.10
- Power in the Frequency Domain3.11
- Equivalent Circuits: Impedances and Sources3.12
- Transfer Functions3.13
- Designing Transfer Functions3.14
- Formal Circuit Methods: Node Method3.15
- Power Conservation in Circuits3.16
- Electronics3.17
- Dependent Sources3.18
- Operational Amplifiers3.19
- The Diode3.20
- Analog Signal Processing Problems3.21
- Chapter Introduction4.0
- Introduction to the Frequency Domain4.1
- Complex Fourier Series4.2
- Classic Fourier Series4.3
- A Signal's Spectrum4.4
- Fourier Series Approximation of Signals4.5
- Encoding Information in the Frequency Domain4.6
- Filtering Periodic Signals4.7
- Derivation of the Fourier Transform4.8
- Linear Time Invariant Systems4.9
- Modeling the Speech Signal4.10
- Frequency Domain Problems4.11
- Chapter Introduction5.0
- Introduction to Digital Signal Processing5.1
- Introduction to Computer Organization5.2
- The Sampling Theorem5.3
- Amplitude Quantization5.4
- Discrete-Time Signals and Systems5.5
- Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT)5.6
- Discrete Fourier Transforms (DFT)5.7
- DFT: Computational Complexity5.8
- Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)5.9
- Spectrograms5.10
- Discrete-Time Systems5.11
- Discrete-Time Systems in the Time-Domain5.12
- Discrete-Time Systems in the Frequency Domain5.13
- Filtering in the Frequency Domain5.14
- Efficiency of Frequency-Domain Filtering5.15
- Discrete-Time Filtering of Analog Signals5.16
- Digital Signal Processing Problems5.17
- Chapter Introduction6.0
- Introduction to Information Communication6.1
- Types of Communication Channels6.2
- Wireline Channels6.3
- Wireless Channels6.4
- Line-of-Sight Transmission6.5
- The Ionosphere and Communications6.6
- Communication with Satellites6.7
- Noise and Interference6.8
- Channel Models6.9
- Baseband Communication6.10
- Modulated Communication6.11
- Signal-to-Noise Ratio of an Amplitude-Modulated Signal6.12
- Digital Communication6.13
- Binary Phase Shift Keying6.14
- Frequency Shift Keying6.15
- Digital Communication Receivers6.16
- Digital Communication in the Presence of Noise6.17
- Digital Communication System Properties6.18
- Digital Channels6.19
- Entropy6.20
- Source Coding Theorem6.21
- Compression and the Huffman Code6.22
- Subtleties of Coding6.23
- Channel Coding6.24
- Repetition Codes6.25
- Block Channel Coding6.26
- Error-Correcting Codes: Hamming Distance6.27
- Error-Correcting Codes: Channel Decoding6.28
- Error-Correcting Codes: Hamming Codes6.29
- Noisy Channel Coding Theorem6.30
- Capacity of a Channel6.31
- Comparison of Analog and Digital Communication6.32
- Communication Networks6.33
- Message Routing6.34
- Network architectures and interconnection6.35
- Ethernet6.36
- Communication Protocols6.37
- Information Communication Problems6.38
Electromagnetics I
by Steven W. Ellingson | 10 Chapters
This book is intended to serve as a primary textbook for a one-semester introductory course in undergraduate engineering electromagnetics, including the following topics: electric and magnetic fields; electromagnetic properties of materials; electromagnetic waves; and devices that operate according to associated electromagnetic principles including resistors, capacitors, inductors, transformers, generators, and transmission lines. This book employs the “transmission lines first” approach, in which transmission lines are introduced using a lumped-element equivalent circuit model for a differential length of transmission line, leading to one-dimensional wave equations for voltage and current. This is sufficient to address transmission line concepts, including characteristic impedance, input impedance of terminated transmission lines, and impedance matching techniques. Attention then turns to electrostatics, magnetostatics, time-varying fields, and waves, in that order.
Electromagnetics I
by Steven W. Ellingson | 10 Chapters
This book is intended to serve as a primary textbook for a one-semester introductory course in undergraduate engineering electromagnetics, including the following topics: electric and magnetic fields; electromagnetic properties of materials; electromagnetic waves; and devices that operate according to associated electromagnetic principles including resistors, capacitors, inductors, transformers, generators, and transmission lines. This book employs the “transmission lines first” approach, in which transmission lines are introduced using a lumped-element equivalent circuit model for a differential length of transmission line, leading to one-dimensional wave equations for voltage and current. This is sufficient to address transmission line concepts, including characteristic impedance, input impedance of terminated transmission lines, and impedance matching techniques. Attention then turns to electrostatics, magnetostatics, time-varying fields, and waves, in that order.
- Chapter Introduction3.0
- Introduction to Transmission Lines3.1
- Types of Transmission Lines3.2
- Transmission Lines as Two-Port Devices3.3
- Lumped-Element Model3.4
- Telegrapher’s Equations3.5
- Wave Equation for a TEM Transmission Line3.6
- Characteristic Impedance3.7
- Wave Propagation on a TEM Transmission Line3.8
- Lossless and Low-Loss Transmission Lines3.9
- Coaxial Line3.10
- Microstrip Line3.11
- Voltage Reflection Coefficient3.12
- Standing Waves3.13
- Standing Wave Ratio3.14
- Input Impedance of a Terminated Lossless Transmission Line3.15
- Input Impedance for Open- and Short-Circuit Terminations3.16
- Applications of Open- and Short-Circuited Transmission Line Stubs3.17
- Measurement of Transmission Line Characteristics3.18
- Quarter-Wavelength Transmission Line3.19
- Power Flow on Transmission Lines3.20
- Impedance Matching - General Considerations3.21
- Single-Reactance Matching3.22
- Single-Stub Matching3.23
- Chapter Introduction5.0
- Coulomb’s Law5.1
- Electric Field Due to Point Charges5.2
- Charge Distributions5.3
- Electric Field Due to a Continuous Distribution of Charge5.4
- Gauss’ Law - Integral Form5.5
- Electric Field Due to an Infinite Line Charge using Gauss’ Law5.6
- Gauss’ Law - Differential Form5.7
- Force, Energy, and Potential Difference5.8
- Independence of Path5.9
- Kirchoff’s Voltage Law for Electrostatics - Integral Form5.10
- Kirchoff’s Voltage Law for Electrostatics - Differential Form5.11
- Electric Potential Field Due to Point Charges5.12
- Electric Potential Field due to a Continuous Distribution of Charge5.13
- Electric Field as the Gradient of Potential5.14
- Poisson’s and Laplace’s Equations5.15
- Potential Field Within a Parallel Plate Capacitor5.16
- Boundary Conditions on the Electric Field Intensity (E)5.17
- Boundary Conditions on the Electric Flux Density (D)5.18
- Charge and Electric Field for a Perfectly Conducting Region5.19
- Dielectric Media5.20
- Dielectric Breakdown5.21
- Capacitance5.22
- The Thin Parallel Plate Capacitor5.23
- Capacitance of a Coaxial Structure5.24
- Electrostatic Energy5.25
- Chapter Introduction7.0
- Comparison of Electrostatics and Magnetostatics7.1
- Gauss’ Law for Magnetic Fields: Integral Form7.2
- Gauss’ Law for Magnetism: Differential Form7.3
- Ampere’s Circuital Law (Magnetostatics): Integral Form7.4
- Magnetic Field of an Infinitely-Long Straight Current-Bearing Wire7.5
- Magnetic Field Inside a Straight Coil7.6
- Magnetic Field of a Toroidal Coil7.7
- Magnetic Field of an Infinite Current Sheet7.8
- Ampere’s Law (Magnetostatics): Differential Form7.9
- Boundary Conditions on the Magnetic Flux Density (B)7.10
- Boundary Conditions on the Magnetic Field Intensity (H)7.11
- Inductance7.12
- Inductance of a Straight Coil7.13
- Inductance of a Coaxial Structure7.14
- Magnetic Energy7.15
- Magnetic Materials7.16
- Chapter Introduction8.0
- Comparison of Static and Time-Varying Electromagnetics8.1
- Electromagnetic Induction8.2
- Faraday’s Law8.3
- Induction in a Motionless Loop8.4
- Transformers - Principle of Operation8.5
- Transformers as Two-Port Devices8.6
- The Electric Generator8.7
- The Maxwell-Faraday Equation8.8
- Displacement Current and Ampere’s Law8.9
Introduction to Electricity, Magnetism, and Circuits
by Daryl Janzen | 14 Chapters
This textbook emphasizes connections between theory and application, making physics concepts interesting and accessible to students while maintaining the mathematical rigour inherent in the subject. Frequent, strong examples focus on how to approach a problem, how to work with the equations, and how to check and generalize the result.
Introduction to Electricity, Magnetism, and Circuits
by Daryl Janzen | 14 Chapters
This textbook emphasizes connections between theory and application, making physics concepts interesting and accessible to students while maintaining the mathematical rigour inherent in the subject. Frequent, strong examples focus on how to approach a problem, how to work with the equations, and how to check and generalize the result.
- Chapter Introduction8.0
- Magnetism and Its Historical Discoveries8.1
- Magnetic Fields and Lines8.2
- Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field8.3
- Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor8.4
- Force and Torque on a Current Loop8.5
- The Hall Effect8.6
- Applications of Magnetic Forces and Fields8.7
- Chapter 8 Review8.8
Lessons in Electric Circuits: Volume I - DC
by Tony R. Kuphaldt | 19 Chapters
This textbook on DC Circuits covers much of the same topics as we have in our Circuits 101 tutorial series and reviewing both this textbook and the Circuits 101 tutorials will provide two different methods of teaching and it is highly recommended to use both as resources. In DC circuits, we learn about voltage, current, and resistance before learning how to solve basic circuits. Tony also covers electrical safety, basic scientific notation, and power systems and then covers a few physics concepts used in circuits.
Lessons in Electric Circuits: Volume I - DC
by Tony R. Kuphaldt | 19 Chapters
This textbook on DC Circuits covers much of the same topics as we have in our Circuits 101 tutorial series and reviewing both this textbook and the Circuits 101 tutorials will provide two different methods of teaching and it is highly recommended to use both as resources. In DC circuits, we learn about voltage, current, and resistance before learning how to solve basic circuits. Tony also covers electrical safety, basic scientific notation, and power systems and then covers a few physics concepts used in circuits.
- Chapter Introduction3.0
- The Importance of Electrical Safety3.1
- Physiological Effects of Electricity3.2
- Shock Current Path3.3
- Ohm's Law (Again!)3.4
- Safe Practices3.5
- Emergency Response3.6
- Common Sources of Hazard3.7
- Safe Circuit Design3.8
- Safe Meter Usage3.9
- Electric Shock Data3.10
- Contributors3.11
- Bibliography - Chapter 3.123.12
- Chapter Introduction8.0
- What is a Meter?8.1
- Voltmeter Design8.2
- Voltmeter Impact on Measured Circuit8.3
- Ammeter Design8.4
- Ammeter Impact on Measured Circuit8.5
- Ohmmeter Design8.6
- High Voltage Ohmmeters8.7
- Multimeters8.8
- Kelvin (4-wire) Resistance Measurement8.9
- Bridge Circuits8.10
- Wattmeter Design8.11
- Creating Custom Calibration Resistances8.12
- Contributors8.13
- Chapter Introduction10.0
- What is Network Analysis?10.1
- Branch Current Method10.2
- Mesh Current Method10.3
- Node Voltage Method10.4
- Introduction to Network Theorems10.5
- Millman's Theorem10.6
- Superposition Theorem10.7
- Thevenin's Theorem10.8
- Norton's Theorem10.9
- Thevenin-Norton Equivalencies10.10
- Millman's Theorem Revisited10.11
- Maximum Power Transfer Theorem10.12
- Δ-Y and Y-Δ Conversions10.13
- Contributors10.14
- Bibliography10.15
Lessons in Electric Circuits: Volume II - AC
by Tony R. Kuphaldt | 17 Chapters
AC, or alternating current, adds a new level of complexity to electric circuits. In this textbook, Tony R. Kuphaldt introduces the fundamentals of AC theory and reviews complex numbers before diving headfirst into reactance and impedance of inductors and capacitors. With the knowledge of how these components work with AC signals, he opens up a world of practical possibilities by showing how these concepts can create powerful filters, motors, transmission lines, and more.
Lessons in Electric Circuits: Volume II - AC
by Tony R. Kuphaldt | 17 Chapters
AC, or alternating current, adds a new level of complexity to electric circuits. In this textbook, Tony R. Kuphaldt introduces the fundamentals of AC theory and reviews complex numbers before diving headfirst into reactance and impedance of inductors and capacitors. With the knowledge of how these components work with AC signals, he opens up a world of practical possibilities by showing how these concepts can create powerful filters, motors, transmission lines, and more.
- Chapter Introduction13.0
- AC Motors Introduction13.1
- Synchronous Motors13.2
- Synchronous Condenser13.3
- Reluctance Motor13.4
- Stepper Motors13.5
- Brushless DC Motor13.6
- Tesla Polyphase Induction Motors13.7
- Wound Rotor Induction Motors13.8
- Single-phase Induction Motors13.9
- Other Specialized Motors13.10
- Selsyn (Synchro) Motors13.11
- AC Commutator Motors13.12
- Bibliography13.13
Lessons in Electric Circuits: Volume III - Semiconductors
by Tony R. Kuphaldt | 16 Chapters
In volume III of Tony R. Kuphaldt's open-source electric circuits textbook, we learn about all things semiconductor related. This not only includes learning about how semiconductor devices work at a circuit level but how they function at a physics and quantum mechanics level. This in-depth experience will clarify the basics of how all modern electronics work.
Lessons in Electric Circuits: Volume III - Semiconductors
by Tony R. Kuphaldt | 16 Chapters
In volume III of Tony R. Kuphaldt's open-source electric circuits textbook, we learn about all things semiconductor related. This not only includes learning about how semiconductor devices work at a circuit level but how they function at a physics and quantum mechanics level. This in-depth experience will clarify the basics of how all modern electronics work.
- Chapter Introduction2.0
- Solid-state Device Theory Introduction2.1
- Quantum Physics2.2
- Valence and Crystal Structure2.3
- Band Theory of Solids2.4
- Electrons and “Holes”2.5
- The P-N Junction2.6
- Junction Diodes2.7
- Bipolar Junction Transistors2.8
- Junction Field-effect Transistors2.9
- Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors (MOSFET)2.10
- Thyristors2.11
- Semiconductor Manufacturing Techniques2.12
- Superconducting Devices2.13
- Quantum Devices2.14
- Semiconductor Devices in SPICE2.15
- Contributors2.16
- Bibliography2.17
- Chapter Introduction3.0
- Diodes and Rectifiers Introduction3.1
- Meter Check of a Diode3.2
- Diode Ratings3.3
- Rectifier Circuits3.4
- Peak Detector3.5
- Clipper Circuits3.6
- Clamper Circuits3.7
- Voltage Multipliers3.8
- Inductor Commutating Circuits3.9
- Diode Switching Circuits3.10
- Zener Diodes3.11
- Special-purpose Diodes3.12
- Other Diode Technologies3.13
- SPICE Models3.14
- Contributors3.15
- Bibliography3.16
- Chapter Introduction4.0
- Bipolar Junction Transistors Introduction4.1
- The Transistor as a Switch4.2
- Meter Check of a Transistor4.3
- Active Mode Operation4.4
- The Common-emitter Amplifier4.5
- The Common-collector Amplifier4.6
- The Common-base Amplifier4.7
- The Cascode Amplifier4.8
- Biasing Techniques4.9
- Biasing Calculations4.10
- Input and Output Coupling4.11
- Feedback4.12
- Amplifier Impedances4.13
- Current Mirrors4.14
- Transistor Ratings and Packages4.15
- BJT Quirks4.16
- Bibliography4.17
- Chapter Introduction5.0
- Junction Field-effect Transistors Introduction5.1
- The Transistor as a Switch5.2
- Meter Check of a Transistor5.3
- Active-mode Operation5.4
- The Common-source Amplifier - PENDING5.5
- The Common-drain Amplifier - PENDING5.6
- The Common-gate Amplifier - PENDING5.7
- Biasing Techniques - PENDING5.8
- Transistor Ratings and Packages - PENDING5.9
- JFET Quirks - PENDING5.10
- Chapter Introduction6.0
- Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors Introduction6.1
- Depletion-type IGFETs6.2
- Enhancement-type IGFETs - PENDING6.3
- Active-mode Operation - PENDING6.4
- The Common-source Amplifier - PENDING6.5
- The Common-drain Amplifier - PENDING6.6
- The Common-gate Amplifier - PENDING6.7
- Biasing Techniques - PENDING6.8
- Transistor Ratings and Packages - PENDING6.9
- IGFET Quirks - PENDING6.10
- MESFETs - PENDING6.11
- IGBTs6.12
- Chapter Introduction8.0
- Operational Amplifiers Introduction8.1
- Single-ended and Differential Amplifiers8.2
- The "Operational" Amplifier8.3
- Negative Feedback8.4
- Divided Feedback8.5
- An Analogy for Divided Feedback8.6
- Voltage-to-current Signal Conversion8.7
- Averager and Summer Circuits8.8
- Building a Differential Amplifier8.9
- The Instrumentation Amplifier8.10
- Differentiator and Integrator Circuits8.11
- Positive Feedback8.12
- Practical Considerations8.13
- Operational Amplifier Models8.14
- Data8.15
- Contributors8.16
- Chapter Introduction9.0
- ElectroStatic Discharge9.1
- Power Supply Circuits9.2
- Amplifier Circuits - PENDING9.3
- Oscillator Circuits - INCOMPLETE9.4
- Phase-locked Loops - PENDING9.5
- Radio Circuits - INCOMPLETE9.6
- Computational Circuits9.7
- Measurement Circuits - INCOMPLETE9.8
- Control Circuits - PENDING9.9
- Contributors9.10
- Bibliography9.11
Lessons in Electric Circuits: Volume IV - Digital
by Tony R. Kuphaldt | 19 Chapters
Volume IV of Tony R. Kuphaldt's open-source electric circuits textbook covers digital topics. From understanding different number systems to individual logic devices, this works up to combinatorial and sequential logic and how to create devices that have memory, make basic logical decisions, and sets the cornerstone of knowledge that leads to someone being able to make a Turing complete device.
Lessons in Electric Circuits: Volume IV - Digital
by Tony R. Kuphaldt | 19 Chapters
Volume IV of Tony R. Kuphaldt's open-source electric circuits textbook covers digital topics. From understanding different number systems to individual logic devices, this works up to combinatorial and sequential logic and how to create devices that have memory, make basic logical decisions, and sets the cornerstone of knowledge that leads to someone being able to make a Turing complete device.
- Chapter Introduction7.0
- Boolean Algebra Introduction7.1
- Boolean Arithmetic7.2
- Boolean Algebraic Identities7.3
- Boolean Algebraic Properties7.4
- Boolean Rules for Simplification7.5
- Circuit Simplification Examples7.6
- The Exclusive-OR Function7.7
- DeMorgan's Theorems7.8
- Converting Truth Tables into Boolean Expressions7.9
- Chapter Introduction8.0
- Karnaugh Mapping Introduction8.1
- Venn Diagrams and Sets8.2
- Boolean Relationships on Venn Diagrams8.3
- Making a Venn Diagram look like a Karnaugh Map8.4
- Karnaugh Maps, Truth Tables, and Boolean Expressions8.5
- Logic Simplification with Karnaugh Maps8.6
- Larger 4-variable Karnaugh Maps8.7
- Minterm vs Maxterm Solution8.8
- Σ (Sum) and Π (Product) Notation8.9
- Don't Care Cells in the Karnaugh Map8.10
- Larger 5 & 6-variable Karnaugh Maps8.11
Lessons in Electric Circuits: Volume V - Reference
by Tony R. Kuphaldt | 13 Chapters
Lessons in Electric Circuits: Volume V - Reference
by Tony R. Kuphaldt | 13 Chapters
- Book Introduction1.0
- DC Circuit Equations and Laws1.1
- Series Circuit Rules1.2
- Parallel Circuit Rules1.3
- Series and Parallel Component Equivalent Values1.4
- Capacitor Sizing Equation1.5
- Inductor Sizing Equation1.6
- Time Constant Equations1.7
- AC Circuit Equations1.8
- Decibels1.9
- Metric Prefixes and Unit Conversions1.10
- Data1.11
- Contributors1.12
- Chapter Introduction6.0
- Rules for Limits6.1
- Derivative of a Constant6.2
- Common Derivatives6.3
- Derivatives of Power Functions of e6.4
- Trigonometric Derivatives6.5
- Rules for Derivatives6.6
- The Antiderivative (Indefinite Integral)6.7
- Common Antiderivatives6.8
- Antiderivatives of Power Functions of e6.9
- Rules for Antiderivatives6.10
- Definite Integrals and The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus6.11
- Differential Equations6.12
- Chapter Introduction9.0
- Wires and Connections9.1
- Power Sources9.2
- Resistors9.3
- Capacitors9.4
- Inductors9.5
- Mutual Inductors9.6
- Switches, Hand Actuated9.7
- Switches, Process Actuated9.8
- Switches, Electrically Actuated (Relays)9.9
- Connectors9.10
- Diodes9.11
- Transistors, Bipolar9.12
- Transistors, Junction Field-effect (JFET)9.13
- Transistors, Insulated-gate Field-effect (IGFET or MOSFET)9.14
- Transistors, Hybrid9.15
- Thyristors9.16
- Integrated Circuits9.17
- Electron Tubes9.18
Lessons in Electric Circuits: Volume VI - Experiments
by Tony R. Kuphaldt | 11 Chapters
- Chapter Introduction3.0
- DC Circuits Introduction3.1
- Series Batteries3.2
- Parallel Batteries3.3
- Voltage Divider3.4
- Current Divider3.5
- Potentiometer as a Voltage Divider3.6
- Potentiometer as a Rheostat3.7
- Precision Potentiometer3.8
- Rheostat Range Limiting3.9
- Thermoelectricity3.10
- Make your Own Multimeter3.11
- Sensitive Voltage Detector3.12
- Potentiometric Voltmeter3.13
- 4-wire Resistance Measurement3.14
- A Very Simple Computer3.15
- Potato Battery3.16
- Capacitor Charging and Discharging3.17
- Rate-of-change Indicator3.18
- Chapter Introduction4.0
- AC Circuits Introduction4.1
- Transformer - Power Supply4.2
- Build a Transformer4.3
- Variable Inductor4.4
- Sensitive Audio Detector4.5
- Sensing AC Magnetic Fields4.6
- Sensing AC Electric Fields4.7
- Automotive Alternator4.8
- Induction Motor4.9
- Induction Motor, Large4.10
- Phase Shift4.11
- Sound Cancellation4.12
- Musical Keyboard as a Signal Generator4.13
- PC Oscilloscope4.14
- Waveform Analysis4.15
- Inductor-capacitor "Tank" Circuit4.16
- Signal Coupling4.17
- Chapter Introduction5.0
- Discrete Semiconductor Circuits Introduction5.1
- Commutating Diode5.2
- Half-wave Rectifier5.3
- Full-wave Center-tap Rectifier5.4
- Full-wave Bridge Rectifier5.5
- Rectifier/Filter Circuit5.6
- Voltage Regulator5.7
- Transistor as a Switch5.8
- Static Electricity Sensor5.9
- Pulsed-light Sensor5.10
- Voltage Follower5.11
- Common-emitter Amplifier5.12
- Multi-stage Amplifier5.13
- Current Mirror5.14
- JFET Current Regulator5.15
- Differential Amplifier5.16
- Simple Op-amp5.17
- Audio Oscillator5.18
- Vacuum Tube Audio Amplifier5.19
- Bibliography5.20
- Chapter Introduction8.0
- The 555 IC8.1
- 555 Schmitt Trigger8.2
- 555 Hysteretic Oscillator8.3
- 555 Monostable Multivibrator8.4
- CMOS 555 Long Duration Minimum Parts Red LED Flasher8.5
- CMOS 555 Long Duration Blue LED Flasher8.6
- CMOS 555 Long Duration Flyback LED Flasher8.7
- How to Make an Inductor8.8
- CMOS 555 Long Duration Red LED Flasher8.9
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